Cultural Considerations in Moral and Ethical Reasoning

Cultural considerations in moral and ethical reasoning The sound development of moral reasoning and ethics is an integral part of the growth and maturation of a healthy and productive human being. Without morals and ethics, a person cannot exist within society’s boundaries and would be doomed to be forever barred from its hallowed walls for as long as that person did not conform to the societal norms of having the ability to morally reason and implement a set of ethics. But morals and ethics, as necessary as they are, are relative and not absolute (Brink, 1989).This means that what a particular society constitutes as moral behavior is actually very much like beauty and in the eye of the beholder. The society in which an individual grows up in and is a member of dictates the type of societal rules that must be accepted as part of the price of membership. However, it does not take into account the various cultural differences that must affect which ethics and morals are adhered to in a particular place. Ethics are generally defined as the principles of morally acceptable conduct of individuals, and a person’s belief about right and wrong behaviors (Cosmides & Tooby, 2004).It is evident however, that the difference in cultures around the world make it quite clear that moral reasoning and ethics are directly influenced by the cultures in which they are developed (Boyd & Richerson, 2005). Behavior that is unacceptable in the U. S. is perfectly acceptable elsewhere in the world. For example, polygamy is accepted in most African societies, and even encouraged, but in the U. S. it is not only considered morally reprehensible, but also criminal. Homosexuality is accepted and even celebrated in the U. S. et woe betides the person trying to engage in this behavior in the Middle East, where it is considered a moral abomination (Haidt & Hersh, 2001). It is clear that there is no universal standard for moral reasoning not with culture, religion, and even environment playing roles in how it will occur (Wright, 1994).Therefore, it is of utmost importance to teach developing humans how to evaluate critically their own views on morality and that of others in order to preserve a balance in their world view no matter where they are. They must be taught an openness that allows for them to discuss omfortably moral matters with many types of people in order to gain a clearer picture of the world. By honing reasoning skills one can better evaluate ethical and moral statements or judgments (Gigerenzer & Goldstein, 1996) and this will help to describe the negatives and the positives of a situation and ultimately take us a step closer to understanding our world and the various subsets of which it is made up of.References Boyd R. , & Richerson, P. J. (2005). The origin and evolution of cultures. New York: Oxford University Press. Brink, D. (1989). Moral realism and the foundations of ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Co smides, L. , & Tooby, J. (2000). Knowing thyself: The evolutionary psychology of moral reasoning and moral sentiments. Unpublished manuscript. Gigerenzer, G. (2004). Fast and frugal heuristics: The tools of bounded rationality. In D. Koehler & N. Harvey (Eds), Handbook of judgment and decision making (pp. 62-68). Oxford: Blackwell. Haidt, J. , &Joseph, C. (2004). Sexual morality: The cultures and reasons of liberals and conservatives. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31 191-221. Wright, R. (1994). The moral animal: Why we are the way we are. New York: Pantheon.

Impact of Globalization in Africa Essay

Globalization is the global interconnectedness of economic activities. It is characterized by new technologies, new structures, new economies and new cultures. All these are structured around global financial flows that are based of computer simulations and speculations. The resulting global economy is very turbulent due to non-linear feedbacks and it is easily influenced by political events and influential analysts’ projections. These is seen when there is instability in the stock markets in certain countries like the United States of America. The instability affects all other stock markets in the world. But is globalization global? The global economy sees some areas as invaluable and politically irrelevant and often such areas are excluded from this global economy. The idea of globalization was conceived by leading capitalist countries, global financial institutions (World Bank, International Monetary fund (IMF) and World Trade Organization (WTO)) and transnational co-operat ions. The minds behind this idea of globalization thought that this was one way of improving the livelihoods everybody in the globe but as we shall see later on, the models used to come up with globalization had major loop holes. Global information communications and new technologies have played a big role facilitating globalization. This is through the computers, Internet and mobile phones. This has made business transactions easy such that by the click of a button, a lot of money circulates around the globe. New innovations have resulted in increased productivity and competition. These technological advances have lowered the costs of transport and communication. Computers have made it possible to handle large amounts of data in a short time and information storage and retrieval has been made very easy. On a positive note, the new technologies have in one way or another helped in growth of economics  through sharing of ideas. On the other hand, these advances in technology have led to homogenization of cultures. Globalization has increased the profits and productivity of multinational corporations. With free trade rules, some few people, the global elite has become richer and others who are the majority have become poorer. The free trade rules has enabled multinational companies invest their money in emerging economies and removing their money once they speculate that that economy is not doing well. This has wrecked the economies of many countries. Another issue is that this big multinationals have swallowed the small companies leading to losses of jobs. Capra, 2002, in his book ‘hidden connections’ says that most of these multi national companies always try to evade taxes and benefit from subsidies. As a result, their products are cheap and this outcompetes the local companies, which can result in more job losses. But on the other hand, globalization can become a scapegoat for failed national policies. Embezzlement and mismanagement of public resources and corruption deeply rooted in some countries should not be blamed on globalization. In any case, a government should be able to provide the needs of its people. According to the 2002 report on the international forum on globalization, the free trade rules set by the World trade organization consolidate power to a small corporate elite. Globalization has erased political and economic boundaries such that power has shifted from the people and communities to financial speculators, global corporations and leading capitalist countries. As a result, currency markets have made governments unable to control their economic policies because it is this markets that determine the values of national currency. According to Capra 2002, large economies are able to absorb these turbulences but for developing countries, this is a big problem. This financial crisis has led to developing countries to seek for aid and as a result, they have sunk to end less debts. It is important to note that aid is basically a tool for manipulating developing countries. It is important to note that in globalization, capital is global while  labour is local. This means that the globalized capital has the economic power leaving labour disintegrated. Labour itself can be divided into professionals and unskilled workers. Globalization seems to favour the professional laborers while the unskilled laborers can be fired anytime. This has led to social inequality and polarization. Many jobs nowadays are on contract basis and forming labor organizations to bargain for better working conditions is not easy because of fear of loosing jobs. People working in multinational companies operating in their countries fear bargaining for better terms of employment because they fear loosing jobs as the company can move to another country. As a result, people have to put up with poor working conditions and wages. Increased trade as a result of free trade by the World Trade organization has led to increased pollution of the environments. Trade has also resulted to introduction of invasive alien species to new environments. From the ecological perspective, trade, which has increased in the recent past, is the major route in which invasive alien species are introduced to new environments. According to the Convention for Biodiversity, invasive alien species are the major causes for the loss of biodiversity. The environmental impacts are heavily felt in the countries in the south. The free market idea by the World Trade Organization has resulted in constant search for access to natural resources, and this has led to so much pressure on the Earth’s limited natural resources. Another bit is the destruction of the environment, which has led to floods, droughts and other catastrophes. Increased shipping has lead to pollution of waterways. Globalization has also favored monoculture to enhance a nation’s competitiveness in the global market. This has put more pressure on the limited natural resources and use of chemicals to enhance production, which further exacerbates the problem of pollution. Globalization has also penetrated into power and politics. Most of these multinational companies and lobby groups normally finance political candidates in countries of interest  so that if the person gets into power, he/ she may create favorable conditions for their activities. So in a way, these companies and lobby  groups control a country’s economy. Rise of globalized criminal gangs is another problem that stems out of globalization. Boosted by easy communication networks, criminals have found it easy to conduct their businesses. Recently, a drug cartel involving Mexicans, Kenyans and the Dutch was uncovered and this is a classic example of criminal gangs operating on a global scale. WAY OUT. With Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) press release of 2010 estimating that 925 million around the globe are undernourished, something must be wrong somewhere. As already noted, globalization is to blame social inequalities which can be seen from the widening gap between the rich and the poor. Borrowing from title of the first annual World Social Forum held in Porto Alegre in Brazil, another world is possible. First, change should first start with the ruling elite. With the help of international nongovernmental organizations there should be a power transformation from the global elite to the human society. These global elites together with World Bank, IMF and World Trade Organization should be more transparent in decision-making. In is also very important to include various non-governmental organizations representing interests of social justice, human rights environmental interests and democracy in the decisionmaking processes. Most of the countries affected by globalization are developing countries and most of these countries have very huge debts. It seems impossible for these developing countries to put tight rules on international organizations in order to protect the local companies. But with the help on lobby groups, it is possible for government to remove subsidies and exemptions offered to these multinational corporations. These multinational corporations should also be held responsible for any wrongdoing like destruction of the environment. Cancellation of debts will help developing countries grow economically but these countries too should have leaders who are accountable to the citizens. On that note, corruption and lobbying should be dealt with at every level. This is to ensure fair competition of business deals. It is important to empower workers so that they can bargain for better working conditions. National governments can also protect their people by defining working conditions to investors setting up enterprises in the country. Finally, it is important we practice ecological sustainability. Proper waste disposal, use of alternative fuel sources (scientifically proven to be sustainable), efficient and ecofriendly technologies, sustainable farming practices and strict environmental practices are some of the ways of making the world sustainable. The most important part of sustainability is educating everybody on the importance of conserving the environment so it’s important to take environmental movements deep down to the grass roots. Remember, it starts with me and you and the future generations will be thanking all of us. REFERENCES A better world is possible: Alternatives to Economic globalization Report summary 2002 International forum on Globalization. Capra fritjof, 2002. The hidden connections Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations: Economic and Social Development report, September 2010 http://anticap.wordpress.com/2011/03/14/what-globalization-paradox/ (Website I downloaded the cover picture).

An Overview of the Sport, Volleyball, Its History, Rules and Regulations, and Famous Volleyball Players

An Overview of the Sport, Volleyball, Its History, Rules and Regulations, and Famous Volleyball Players Volleyball is a fast-paced game in which two teams are separated by a net and compete to volley the ball over the net in an attempt to make the opposing team drop the ball on their side. Volleyball was originally called mintonette and was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan. The game was designed to be a combination of tennis, basketball, baseball and handball. The first volleyball net was actually a tennis net and was only 6’6† high. Morgan originally explained that the object of the game was to keep the ball in movement over a net. There were originally no restrictions on the number of contacts for teams or individual players, no limit to the number of players per side, and no rotation. Since then, volleyball remained mainly unchanged, until 1912, when the first major rules were implemented. The rules were that the number of players on each side was six and that the team was required to rotate positions before serving. By 1920, the game had many more rules implemented, such as the net was raised to eight feet, and the ball could not come to rest in the hands. Volleyball was originally created to be a calm pastime, but has evolved into a sport that is played all over the world by all kinds of people everywhere like in the Olympics, in the park, at the beach, in gym classes and more. Volleyball has many many different rules and regulations. The rules and regulations of volleyball have evolved a lot throughout the years. The rules of volleyball are not difficult to understand, and depending on the level of competition, they can differ. The main objective of the game is to not let the ball hit the floor on your side of the net, at the same time, you must try to get the ball to hit the floor on your opponent’s side of the net. There is a maximum of three contacts per team before they hit it over the net. The three preferred hits are a bump, followed by a set, and then an attack, which will send the ball over the net. Players are also allowed to block the ball as it comes over the net. Blocking does not count as one of the three contacts. Each side must have six players to fill the six different positions that rotated between during the game. The players must rotate clockwise through each position. Players rotate with each new server. The six positions that are rotated through are the left, middle and right front, and the left, middle and right back. The server is in the back right. The scoring method that is used in volleyball is known as â€Å"the rally point system†. The point is gained at the end of the rally when the ball is dropped and the side where the ball has not been dropped gains the point. There are many well known volleyball players. Most famous volleyball players have played in the olympics. One well-known player in the U.S. is Misty May-Treanor, a professional beach volleyball player. She has three olympic gold medals, and has been playing beach volleyball since she was a child. She started her professional career in 1999. Another well-known U.S. player is Karch Kiraly, who is also a professional beach volleyball player and plays indoor volleyball. He won three olympic gold medals, two in indoor and one in beach. Another player in the U.S is Kerri Walsh Jennings. She won three olympic gold medals with Misty May-Treanor in beach volleyball. Walsh Jennings also played indoor volleyball.

Case problem Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Problem - Case Study Example In addition, the management needs to emphasize that information sharing enhances learning, creativity, and performance. (Hatala & Lutta, 2009). As well, the company should pursue the establishment of a common tool that consolidates information and stores it for future reference. This can take place in the form of a database used by employees who have clearance and access to the database. The company should also adopt an organizational structure that brings the management and the employees together. This facilitates an eased flow of information and swift decision execution within the organization. (Hatala & Lutta, 2009). The accounts presented by the executives are quite relevant and valid, for they indicate the challenges that threaten information sharing within an organization. For example, Gary’s argument holds ground, for employees often move from one company, and implement their ideas in rival company. This shows that information sharing is a viable tool for corporate espionage. Anne’s argument can only hold ground if the management exercises stringent rules that fail to consider the hindrances presented by an organization’s management. However, some of the arguments focus on a single dimension rather than the multidimensional perspective that information sharing support. For instance, Sharon fails to consider the element of learning new ideas when sharing information. The company needs to alter its organizational culture and the traditional culture where employees viewed information sharing process as a barrier rather than a tool towards success. The organizational culture should formulate an elaborate information-sharing model that stipulates the modus operandi of information sharing in the

Ford vs Detroit Electric Car Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ford vs Detroit Electric Car - Case Study Example While Detroit Electric Company capitalizes on its technological innovations as its core competitive advantage in the market, the development of an electric car by Ford still remains near, yet so far a realization. Since 1966, according to Flint the Forbes magazine editor, Ford has been stressing on the plan to develop a viable electric car in 5 to 10 years. By 2009, Ford believed that this dream could be realized by 2010, but it still remains a plan. The failure to meet these plans has been dampened by the advanced innovations and technology In Detroit Electric, who announced laid down plans to start large sale manufacturing and selling of electric cars in the first quarter of 2010, with these sales expected to hit 270,000 vehicles by 2012. The lithium battery technology is the latest development towards realization of this goal (Brown, 2012). Q1. The organization structure used in Detroit Electric cars is the decentralized organizational structure that leads to differentiation in pr oducts and specialization. Rather than produce their vehicles, Detroit Electronics outsource their vehicles from specialized manufactures; their work being to impart the finished vehicles with finishes that identify the company (LaMonica, 2009). Detroit has therefore assumed the structure of a virtual corporation where engines are manufactured and fitted by Proton in Malaysia, while the company just modifies the cars to distinguish the style and to offer an identity to these vehicles. Outsourcing to specialized manufactures, and settling on finishing and aesthetic work ensures specialization, and the company does not have to meet the cost required in producing these vehicles. Q2. The differing organization structure is to blame for Ford’s inability to produce an electric vehicle, when Detroit Electric has been able to make true its dream of an electric vehicle within four years of its founding. Contract manufacturing in Detroit ensures the company does not have to mind about the required technological facilities to meet this goal, as these costs are passed on to the contractor, Proton in this case (Lamonica, 2009). Instead of concentrating in designing and making the facilities to produce these vehicles, Detroit Electric has to concentrate on enhanced research and development strategies to improve its technological advancement in vehicle manufacturing. This is portrayed by the launching of lithium battery, and the rapid response to produce these electric cars. On the other hand, Ford has to set aside massive budgets to modify and advance their plants before launching any electric car manufacturing program. For example, Ford has set aside $ 450 million in Michigan as part of the company’s aggressive plan in advancing an electric vehicle program (Media Ford, 2011). Ford has been delaying these plans due to economic crisis and stiff competition, which has eaten into the company’s profitability. The company felt stinging effects as in the 2008 global economic meltdown. This has been well observed in the case of the SUV models that marked about 55% of total sales before the crisis. These sales declined sharply resulting to decreased profitability (Richard & Henry, 2003). Specialization has been the strength behind Detroit Electric success. Q. 3 Cooperation of international companies is largely affected by economic dynamics in the market. For example, the Euro crisis may

The Short ID Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Short ID Exam - Assignment Example 1.Normative Sources These are sources of information that offer guides on the ethical/correct way of doing something. There are three normative sources in Islam: The Qur’an, the hadiths, and classical Islamic law. 2.Historiography This is the study of materials written by Muslim historians on the events of the early Islamic period. 3. The five Pillars of Islam These are the obligations that every Muslim should live by. They are prayer (Salat), faith (Shahadah), concern for the needy (Zakat), fasting (Sawm), and pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). 4. Caliphate This is an Islamic political-religious leadership that centered on a successor (Caliph/Khalifah) to Prophet Muhammad. 5. Hadith These are sacred collections containing records of sayings and conduct of Prophet Muhammad. 6.Turkic Migrations The general movement of people from Central Asia resulting in the expansion of the Turkic Tribes in the Middle East and Europe 7.Muhammad al-Khwarizmi A Persian mathematician renowned for his c ontributions to mathematics, more so Algebra. 8. Pax Mongolica A period of peace and stability after the conquest of the Mongolian Empire 9.Sha Ismail Safavi Shah of Iran between 1502 and 1524 and founder of Persia’s Safavid Empire. He also played a major role in overseeing the dominance of the Twelver branch of Shia Islam over Ismaili.

The Gospels--Mark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Gospels--Mark - Essay Example The struggle of the disciples in the storm is their lack of faith. They were overwhelmed by fear and were afraid that they will perish in the storm. The struggle of the man oppressed by demons was that he was being controlled by the devil. He was powerless against the evil one. The prominent man with the sick child was helpless because his daughter is dying. He was desperate and asked for the help of Jesus. The woman with an illness was struggling from her disease of discharging blood for a long time already. She however did not doubt Jesus’ healing powers. 2. What religious traditions or rituals do you practice? What customs does your church practice? Which of these are helpful to you? Which have not been prescribed by the Bible? Describe how we sometimes put human tradition over the authority of Scripture. The major rituals and practices in Shintoism include Ayurveda, Hatha Yoga, Kundalini Yoga, Namaste greeting, Puja, and The Sadhu (Religionfacts.com). Ayurveda is the system of medicine and healing of the ancient Hindu system. Hatha Yoga is the practice or meditative movement. Kundalini Yoga is the practice of awakening the kundalini or the energy that lies at the base of the spine. Namaste greeting is the act of greeting somebody by bowing the head and putting both palms together. The Puja is a ritual whereby humans relate to the actions of the divine. The Sadhu are the holy men of Hinduism, like the priests of the Catholics (Religionfacts.com). Among these practices the Kundalini Yoga is most helpful to me. Among these rituals the Ayurveda and the Namaste greeting have not been prescribed by the Bible. The use of ancient healing like the Ayurveda is a human tradition which takes precedence over the authority of the Scripture. Even the Namaste greeting cannot be found in the Bible. If I knew that I have only a few weeks to live, I will spend more time with my family, relatives and friends. They are the people who

How do the simple actions of individuals add up to the complex Essay

How do the simple actions of individuals add up to the complex behavior of a group - Essay Example In this view, the author introduces the concept of ‘Swarm Intelligence’ which is based on self-organization and decentralized control. With reference to colonies of termites and ants, flocks of birds, schools of fish, various land animal herds including elephants, and swarms of bees, it is evident that these swarms utilize collective intelligence to coordinate the various activities conducted by various subgroups to ensure the key objectives of the swarms such as collecting of food, protecting the habitat, and finding shorter paths to food sources are performed (Miller). This can be employed in the organizational setting with inclusion of mechanisms that would allow self-sufficiency of each of the members towards a collaborate approach towards the goals of the organization. For instance, a company referred to as American Air Liquede based in Houston employed the behavior of foraging Argentine ants in establishing a pheromone trail through which successive ants can follow in going to get more food for the colony. In this case, Air Liquede merged the ants’ approach with techniques of artificial intelligence to regard all permutation of weather, plant scheduling, and truck routing decisions. The model allows for inclusion of daily forecasts of manufacturing costs and customer demand (Miller). An important lesson that I learnt from the ants is decentralized control, through which my assignment group members can be allowed to make independent decisions without reliance on any form of supervision from a group leader, towards meeting the predetermined objectives of the

Events that lead to the atomic bombings in Japan during the world war Research Paper

Events that lead to the atomic bombings in Japan during the world war II - Research Paper Example For most of the people then and now, the full account of the events, the number of casualties as well as the internal decisions of all people involved in the Second World War were and still are vague. This paper aims to provide some information regarding several figures and concepts related to the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as to connect the said figures and concepts on these events in chronological order. Niels Bohr and the Development of the Nuclear Bomb While the whole development of the Nuclear Bomb can’t be solely attributed to Niels Bohr, he was an instrument for scientists in America to understand the processes by which nuclear energy from radioactive elements can be harnessed to produce a weapon stronger than the prevailing bomb formulations at that time. Bohr was working on particle bombardment, and initially he believed that the chances of being able to use nuclear particles in a controlled setting may be far from happening anytime soon (Gosli ng 2). However, upon learning about the results of Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann about the splitting of the uranium atom into two lighter elements as well as the release of a large amount of energy and highly-reactive neutrons, which would trigger the repeat of the same process on other uranium atoms, and so on. This process became known as nuclear fission, and became the core concept of the process of harnessing nuclear energy (Gosling 3). Bohr presented Hahn and Strassmann’ results in a conference around 1939, as well as having them published in that same year which enlightened many scientists, most especially those belonging to the Manhattan project (Rose 83). Bohr eventually assisted in the testing of the bombs at Los Alamos in 1944, a year before the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings. He recognized the fact that if the allies were not able to produce an atomic bomb, the Germans might beat them to it, causing even more destruction (Rose 30). Through these efforts, the firs t nuclear bomb was finished and was used to bomb Hiroshima in August 6, 1945. The Formation of the Interim Committee Before the bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki ensued, President Harry S. Truman formed the Interim Committee, an advisory group in charge of making recommendations on the use of atomic weapons during wartime as well as making a position for the U.S. on postwar atomic policy (Gosling 45). The group was consisted of members from different government groups: Secretary of War, Henry Stimson; George L. Harrison, Deputy Secretary of War; Vannevar Bush, Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development; Karl T. Compton, from the Manhattan project; Navy Undersecretary Ralph Bard; Secretary of State Will Clayton; and James Byrnes (Brune 606). The committee also had a scientific advisory team consisting of: Robert Oppenheimer, the Scientific Director of the Manhattan Project; Enrico Fermi, a Nobel Laureate for physics; Arthur Compton of the University of Chicago; an d Ernest Lawrence, a well-known physicist, with General George C. Marshall as their military representative (Gosling 45). During the meeting of the Interim Committee on May 31, 1945 they have concluded that the atomic bomb must be used against Japan in order for them to surrender as early as possible, and by doing so would send them the message that further resistance is futile (Brune 606). This conclusion was sent as a report on June 16 of the same year, as well as the additional advice that Japan must

Business communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business communications - Essay Example The balance of trade becomes affected in such cases, thereby adversely affected the economy as whole. The Canadian dollar is positively correlated to the strength of the world commodity prices. This situation will boost imports as most traders will find it highly profitable to export to Canada at a comparatively lower exchange rate compared to the U.S. dollar. However, the exports will be affected negatively since it will be comparatively expensive to export Canadian products compared to the U.S. products. In conclusion, the fact that the recent report on the Purchasing Power Parity estimates a bundle of goods that cost a consumer $1 CAD in Canada would cost in the range of 80-85 US cents in the United States is a strong indication that some economic improvement should be done. As the Canadian dollar trends along these ranges, the Canadian consumers are, and will be paying a significant value on their goods compared to their counterparts in the United

Critique on against gay marriage Essay Example for Free

Critique on against gay marriage Essay The modern world is experiencing transition in all aspects of life. This change is being experienced in marriage whereby some people are moving a way from the belief that marriage should only take place between people of same sex. They have gone to an extent of pushing for marriage between people of same-sex to be accorded the same treatment and recognition just like the case with the heterosexual marriage. Some people believe that marriage should be heterosexual while others believe that even homosexuals have a right to marry and live with their partners just like a husband and wife in opposite-sex marriage. This paper presents a critique in support of gay marriage. The society especially in the current state is crippling with many social problems emanating from heterosexual marriage. One of these problems is unwanted pregnancies which arise from irresponsible relationships. This is an incident which can only happen in a marriage between two people of opposite sex. Embracing same-sex marriage would offer a remedy to this problem because there is no chance of pregnancy in a marriage between gays and lesbians. This would also help in reducing the high cases of deaths and abortion which are being witnessed in the society today. Incase homosexuals decide to adopt a child, the possibility of neglect is very low as this would be a decision between two independent people. Same-sex marriage reduces the dominance by one partner which is associated with union between a man and a woman. For fear of victimization, most gays and lesbians are forced into heterosexual marriages against their will. However, they still continue to live their homosexual lives by secretly relating to other homosexuals while staying in the same-sex marriage. Therefore, accepting same-sex marriage will help reduce this unfaithfulness and promote marriage to one partner (Sullivan, A. , 2004). Since the society allows all kinds of people and groups to marry including murderers, thieves as well as marriage between people of different races. Condemning same-sex marriage is discrimination of the minority who are supposed to be protected by the constitution just like any other group. As opposed to what Bennet believes, it would not be the first time that the institution of marriage is experiencing change; Marriage between different races which are happening today never happened several years ago (Bennett, J. W. 1996). The strong position against homosexuality which is adopted by the church is an intrusion into private business. This is because marriage is a personal commitment between the two people involved in the relationship. This marriage therefore hurts no one who is not part of the relationship (Bennett, J. W. 1996). Every element of the society is transforming hence disregarding same-sex marriage is simply refusing to accept the natural changes in the institution of marriage. The acceptance of homosexuality as evident among school pupils is an indication that homosexuality is a thing of the current generation hence nature should be allowed to take its course. Bennet should not argue against adoption by gay and lesbian couples as this would be better that single parenting. The long-term repercussions of same-sex marriage talked about by those against gay marriage are baseless and coming out of fear of the unknown; accepting same-sex union would only serve to create more choices concerning marriage and people would be guided by individual choices. (Bennett, J. W. 1996). Conclusion From the accounts given above, same-sex marriage should be allowed and homosexuals do not deserve the harsh criticism and victimization that they are undergoing in the society. Legislation and rules governing marriage only needs to be adjusted to provide for same-sex union. Reference Bennett, J. W. (1996). Gay Marriage: Not a very good idea. The Washington Post. OP-ED; Pg. A19 Sullivan, A. (2004). Same-sex Marriage, Pro and Con: A Reader. New York: Vintage Books.

Network Security Analysis Essay Example for Free

Network Security Analysis Essay This article is concerned about network security. It mentions about the present situation of network security and an analysis of the reason that lead to unsafe network environment. Then the article introduces two frequently used protocols in network security: HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol) and HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer), then compare them and give a brief conclusion. On the other side, the article introduces how firewall protects network security in hardware aspects. Keywords: Network; Security; Analysis; Countermeasures 1. Introduction As technology develops, network is getting more and more mature. It is known to all that security is the second step after that a successful network has been deployed. 1.1 Situation of Computer Network Security With the rapid development of the Internet and the widespread application, the number of computer viruses, Trojan horses is explosive growth. According to Jinshan drug gangsters cloud security center monitoring statistics show that in 2008, Jinshan drug gangsters were intercepted more and more new viruses, Trojans, which grew up 40% compared with 2007. The center statistics also show that 90% of the virus infected users, this attachment web pages that humans are enjoying the network information with the great wealth and convenient at the same time, also be the severe beset by problems of network information security. The lure of wealth that hackers attack is no longer a kind of personal interest, but more and more become an organized, interest driven career crime. Its main means has: online professor viruses, Trojan horses production technology and various network attack technology; Online exchange, trafficking and rental viruses, Trojan horses, zombie network; Online customized viruses, Trojan horses; Internet theft behavior (account Numbers game, bank accounts, QQ number, etc.), sell the trumpets; Internet fraud and extortion; Through the network business platform money laundering profit, etc. Attackers need technical level gradually decrease, means more flexible, joint attacks increase rapidly. Trojan viruses, Trojan virus writers, professional hack personnel, sales channels, professional players have been formed complete gray industrial chain. 1.2 Threats to Computer Network Security The threat to computer network security includes attacks by hackers and computer virus. It mostly presents in the following aspects. Firstly, send fake E-mails to users. It is a common way to cheat the account and password by posing as legitimate websites. Secondly, damage caused by viruses is also a common phenomenon. For e.g. when virus gets into computer, it will cover our hard disk with useless data. Thirdly, it’s about unauthorized accessing. This mainly refers to the normal use or oversteps their authority to use the network equipment and information resources. Fourthly, damage the integrity of the database. Fifthly, interfere with the normal running of the systems. Finally, communication lines are tapped and people are not familiar about safety of network security. The first situation doesn’t occur in common. However, awareness of maintain computer network security is really important. In the article, it mainly analyzes several common situations and introduces what the threat is and how it works. 1.3 Countermeasures of Network Security As network security has a lot of loopholes, people create a lot of methods to protect network. On the side of hardware, people begin to use firewall to protect network. On the side of software, a lot of tools and technologies have been used in this area, such as router filtering. The article introduces how firewall works and two similar protocols: HTTP and HTTPS. By comparing these two protocols, we will find the development of technology. 1.4 Importance of the Study of Network Security It’s important for securing ones computer, keeping important data and profile information protected. Careful web surfing habits may keep you from being a victim of virus attacks and malware, however this is an intensely risky activity and very often people may end up with an infected computer. Some good anti-virus programs will help to keep your computer protected and safe, but users must remember to keep this updated regularly for better protection over new viruses. 2. Related Work 2.1 Network Security Network security consists of the provisions and policies adopted by a network administrator to prevent and monitor unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network and network-accessible resources. Network security involves the authorization of access to data in a network, which is controlled by the network administrator. Users choose or are assigned an ID and password or other authenticating information that allows them access to information and programs within their authority. Network security covers a variety of computer networks, both public and private, that are used in everyday jobs conducting transactions and communications among businesses, government agencies and individuals. Networks can be private, such as within a company, and others which might be open to public access. Network security is involved in organizations, enterprises, and other types of institutions. It does as its title explains: It secures the network, as well as protecting and over seeing operations being done. The most common and simple way of protecting a network resource is by assigning it a unique name and a corresponding password. 2.2 ISO/OSI model The International Standards Organization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Reference Model defines seven layers of communications types, and the interfaces among them. (See Figure 1.) Each layer depends on the services provided by the layer below it, all the way down to the physical network hardware, such as the computers network interface card, and the wires that connect the cards together. People develop a lot of protocols to each layer. Such as PPTP/L2TP to linked layer, IPSEC to network layer, TLS/SSL to transfer layer. Each protocol includes security information that helps network transfer safer and safer. 2.3 IPV4 protocol The protocol contains a couple aspects which caused problems with its use. These problems do not all relate to security. They are mentioned to gain a comprehensive understanding of the internet protocol and its shortcomings. The causes of problems with the protocol are: 1. Address Space 2. Routing 3. Configuration 4. Security 5. Quality of Service The lack of embedded security within the IPv4 protocol has led to the many attacks seen today. Mechanisms to secure IPv4 do exist, but there are no requirements for their use. IPsec is a specific mechanism used to secure the protocol. IPsec secures the packet payloads by means of cryptography. IPsec provides the services of confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. This form of protection does not account for the skilled hacker who may be able to break the encryption method and obtain the key. 2.4 Types and Sources of Network Threats Denial-of-Service, unauthorized access, executing commands illicitly, confidentiality breaches and destructive behavior are common type of threats to network security. The sources of network threats include 3 aspects. Firstly, the invasion of bad information and pollution. Network is open, even borderless space information network of people in the rich cultural life, but also to the illegal dissemination of information or indecent information provided soil British Middlebury Seck Griffith University, Professor Di Mulai study found that in non-academic information on the Internet, 47% of pornography on These content without restriction for people feel free to browse, not only seriously jeopardize the health of young people, and poison the social atmosphere and hinder the building of a harmonious society in China. In addition, the networks openness and freedom are often some criminals use, or dissemination of endangering national security, to subvert the government, disrupting social order and security of information, or information network organizing rallies and other anti-social activities. Secondly, Internet hackers and computer crime. Hacker wanton rampage information networks, technology and the consequences of its invasion of escalating their use of technical means, or attacks on government sites or military organizations Web site and endanger national security interests, undermine government image; or steal business, financial institutions, business information to profit illegally, endangering the economic order; or steal personal confidential information, violation of privacy or stolen cash. These acts seriously impede the normal operation of information networks. In addition to outside hackers the use of the Internet, the rampant crime and tort. The use of computer information network system to implement theft, fraud or corruption, embezzlement and other crimes than the traditional criminal methods and tools more subtle complexity, and violation of trade secrets with the network, electronic communications freedoms, civil Privacy and damage the reputation of others and other events are also frequent. Online pyramid schemes, online fraud, etc. These crimes have been on the network posed a serious threat to network security. Thirdly, the existence of their own network security vulnerabilities and risks. Freedom to share and open spirit of the Internet, but also the charm of the Internet The Internet is based on TCP / IP protocol, network devices, operating systems with networking capabilities and openness about the existence inherent vulnerability In addition, the software in the design, it is inevitable there are some defects or flaws, which has become a prime target for hackers, while software programmers deliberately left the back door has become a major network security risks network These weaknesses of their own existence, to bring the work of anti-hacker considerable difficulty: on the one hand difficult for scientists to develop a common and effective network security for the protection of technical means on the other hand the lack of implementation of these measures sufficient to protect the social environment. 3. Methods 3.1 Analysis of Network Security System and network technology is a key technology for a wide variety of applications. Security is crucial to networks and applications. Although, network security is a critical requirement in emerging networks, there is a significant lack of security methods that can be easily implemented. There exists a â€Å"communication gap† between the developers of security technology and developers of networks. Network design is a well-developed process that is based on the Open Systems Interface (OSI) model. The OSI model has several advantages when designing networks. It offers modularity, flexibility, ease-of-use, and standardization of protocols. The protocols of different layers can be easily combined to create stacks which allow modular development. The implementation of individual layers can be changed later without making other adjustments, allowing flexibility in development. In contrast to network design, secure network design is not a well-developed process. There isn’t a methodology to manage the complexity of security requirements. Secure network design does not contain the same advantages as network design. When considering network security, it must be emphasized that the whole network is secure. Network security does not only concern the security in the computers at each end of the communication chain. When transmitting data the communication channel should not be vulnerable to attack. A possible hacker could target the communication channel, obtain the data, decrypt it and re-insert a false message. Securing the network is just as important as securing the computers and encrypting the message. When developing a secure network, the following need to be considered: 1. Access – authorized users are provided the means to communicate to and from a particular network. 2. Confidentiality – Information in the network remains private. 3. Authentication – Ensure the users of the network are who they say they are 4. Integrity – Ensure the message has not been modified in transit 5. Non-repudiation – Ensure the user does not refute that he used the network Here we mainly discuss fake websites. Fake websites means phishing. Phishing is attempting to acquire information (and sometimes, indirectly, money) such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication. Communications purporting to be from popular social web sites, auction sites, online payment processors or IT administrators are commonly used to lure the unsuspecting public. Phishing is typically carried out by e-mail spoofing or instant messaging, and it often directs users to enter details at a fake website whose look and feel are almost identical to the legitimate one. Phishing is an example of social engineering techniques used to deceive users, and exploits the poor usability of current web security technologies. Attempts to deal with the growing number of reported phishing incidents include legislation, user training, public awareness, and technical security measures. Once a victim visits the phishing website, the deception is not over. Some phishing scams use JavaScript commands in order to alter the address bar. This is done either by placing a picture of a legitimate URL over the address bar, or by closing the original address bar and opening a new one with the legitimate URL. An attacker can even use flaws in a trusted websites own scripts against the victim. These types of attacks (known as cross-site scripting) are particularly problematic, because they direct the user to sign in at their bank or services own web page, where everything from the web address to the security certificates appears correct. In reality, the link to the website is crafted to carry out the attack, making it very difficult to spot without specialist knowledge. Just such a flaw was used in 2006 against PayPal. A Universal Man-in-the-middle (MITM) Phishing Kit, discovered in 2007, provides a simple-to-use interface that allows a phisher to convincingly reproduce websites and capture log-in details entered at the fake site. To avoid anti-phishing techniques that scan websites for phishing-related text, phishers have begun to use Flash-based websites. These look much like the real website, but hide the text in a multimedia object. 3.2 Firewall’s Protection A firewall can either be software-based or hardware-based and is used to help keep a network secure. Its primary objective is to control the incoming and outgoing network traffic by analyzing the data packets and determining whether it should be allowed through or not, based on a predetermined rule set. A networks firewall builds a brigade between an internal network that is assumed to be secure and trusted, and another network, usually an external (inter)network, such as the Internet, that is not assumed to be secure and trusted. In general, some functions that can be done by the firewall are: 1. Doing a packet filter firewall can make the decision whether to accept or reject the incoming data packets. 2. Hiding Network Address (NAT) IP addresses can be used on the internet is a public IP. So to create a client that uses private IP can be translated into public IP. These functions are performed by a firewall, known as NAT. 3. Monitoring and Logging to improve network security and logging on the terms monitoring by a firewall. 3.3 Protocols of Network Security Network security protocols are used to protect computer data and communication in transit. The primary tool used to protect information as it travels across a network is cryptography. Cryptography uses algorithms to encrypt data so that it is not readable by unauthorized users. Generally, cryptography works with a set of procedures or protocols that manage the exchange of data between devices and networks. Together, these cryptographic protocols enhance secure data transfer. Without cryptographic network security protocols, Internet functions such as e-commerce would not be possible. Secure communication is necessary because attackers try to eavesdrop on communications, modify messages in transit, and hijack exchanges between systems. Some of the tasks networks security protocols are commonly used to protect are file transfers, Web communication, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN). The most common method of transferring files is using File Transfer Protocol (FTP). A problem with FTP is that the files are sent in clear text, meaning that they are sent unencrypted and therefore able to be compromised. For example, many webmasters update their sites using FTP; an attacker using a packet sniffer and the website’s IP address can intercept all communications between the webmaster and the site’s server. Here we mainly discuss two similar protocols: HTTP and HTTPS. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. Hypertext is a multi-linear set of objects, building a network by using logical links (the so called hyperlinks) between the nodes (e.g. text or words). HTTP is the protocol to exchange or transfer hypertext. The standards development of HTTP was coordinated by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), culminating in the publication of a series of Requests for Comments (RFCs), most notably RFC 2616 (June 1999), which defines HTTP/1.1, the version of HTTP in common use. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a combination of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) with the SSL/TLS protocol. It provides encrypted communication to prevent eavesdropping and to securely identify the web server with which you are actually communicating. Historically, HTTPS connections were primarily used for payment transactions on the World Wide Web, e-mail and for sensitive transactions in corporate information systems. In the late 2000s and early 2010s, HTTPS began to see widespread use for protecting page authenticity on all types of websites, securing accounts and keeping user communications, identity and browsing history private.

Faced By Single Parents

Faced By Single Parents Different aspects of Chinese culture are manipulated to contribute to the difficult situation of single parent families; whereby, traditional family values and family relationships are both an asset and liability to single parent families. In this case, the parental role identity need to be flexible rather than traditional gendered role identity need to be facilitate in the adjustment of divorced parents. For the welfare services to be empowering there are some critical aspects that need to be considered such as selective traditional Chinese values and cultures and the resolution of the ideological dilemma in welfare policy. Routine services are the services that help single families to overcome their difficulties with sufficient resources should be explored. Benefits should be provided in a way that it can able to help the families such as housing and education allowances for the low income families. Effectiveness of the provision on welfare benefits in helping the families to develop competence and independence should be evaluate in a crucial way in order that the families are able to gain further competence and independence through the temporary assistance of welfare. Family friendly work policy has to be supported. The policy reforms in work or family policy which recognizes the legitimacy of employees family involvement that will largely reduce the dual role dilemma of the single parents. The hidden structural problems that increase welfare dependence rate should be addressed in addition to the enhancement of individual skills and competence. For example, flexible time, childcare provision and; support and parental leave as part of the benefit to all families including single parent families are implemented in some European countries. Cairney, J., Boyle, M., Offord. D. R., Racine. Y. (2003). Stress, social support and depression in single and married mothers. Soc Psychiatry Epidemiol 38, 442-449. Stress and social supports are the important mediators of the relationship between single and married mothers. The effect of life events in depression was stronger for married mother compared to single mothers because they are less reactive to negative events due to the experience significant chronic stresses and strains. Single mothers have used to dealing with adversity and less affected by negative events compare to married mothers who are lack of experience of the adversity. Social support to have a relatively impact in terms of explaining the link between family structure and mental well-being. Among the three variables, social support was the only significant variable in the research that stated social stressors have an impact of accounting for the relationship between single parent status and depression compare to the previous research found financial problem to be the main factor in the relationship between single parent status and psychological well-being. Additional knowledge regarding single parenthood and depression are being gained in this research but the nature of the inter-relationship between family structure, stress, social support and depression remains unclear. However, not only an effect relationship exists between single parent status and depression but the changes in stress and social support over time may lead to changes in psychological well-being. The impact of moving into and out of single parenthood will help us in a better understanding of the consequences of taking up the single parent role and the factors that might occur in and out of this status. Gladow, N. W., Ray, M. P. (1986). The impact of informal support systems on the well being of low income single parents. Family Relations 35, 113-123. Different types of support affect different aspects of well being. Thus, informal support systems do have a positive impact on well being of low income single parents. For example, support from friends and relatives make a unique contribution to reduce the problems of single parents lives where low income single parents can rely on the both parties for support that can lead to reduce the problems they are going to face. Support from friends appears to have the greatest impact on reducing loneliness but then support from relatives is not related to loneliness. This might happen because friends provide more opportunity for free and open conversations that individual feels not so comfortable discussing it with relatives. Besides that, support systems outside the nuclear family can have a very positive effect on the well being of low income single parent families such as social workers, family therapists, counselors and other professionals who can assure single parents that it is both human and helpful to need and rely on supports outside the nuclear family. Furthermore, agency programs designed to provide specific needs such as food, housing and maintenance. It is a good way if the agency workers can refer the low income single parents in groups to provide social support and building supportive relationships among the single parents. Group counseling for single parents through mental health centers can be established if the single parents groups might not provide the type of support that are needed by the populations. Webber, R., Boromeo, D. (2005). The sole parent family: family and support networks. Australian Journal of Social Issues 40(2), 269-283. Ten participants, nine of them saw that support networks as having an essential role to play in their personal well-being and support the children in the initial stages. Support was accessed from different sources including friends, relatives, colleagues, government agencies and social welfare agencies and support can involves different things such as emotional support, practical support (baby sitting, financial, advice and household repairs). Friends and relatives contribute a large amount in emotional and practical supports. Thus, supports will change according when the needs changed. Supports was seek and attained among community and friendship networks. Various counseling such as individual counseling, family counseling or family therapy was perceived to be the most effect one that are recommended to assist the extended family in going through terms with sorrow and relationship issues. Nevertheless, family and community support are the important factors in healthy families but then most of the participants are not satisfied with the quality of family support when it was provided in a low or critical way. As the result, parents do not cause the separation to feel the contempt of the family members and people who experienced negatively from relatives and friend tend to set a distance to those who do not validate their new status as a single parent. Grossman, C. C., Hudson, D. B., Lefler, R. K., Fleck, M. O. (2005). Community leaders perceptions of single, low-income mothers needs and concerns for social support. Journal of Community Health Nursing 22(4), 241-257 Social support theory, a framework used to develop focus group inquiry questions. From the group discussion by the community leaders, the needs and concerns of single, low-income mothers are social support issue, personal barriers to success and system barriers. Social support issues such as single mother needs verbal and non-verbal contact with relatives, friends and health care professionals. Needs of informational supports for single mothers including parent responsibilities, infant care tasks and resources that are available can help single mother to increase their level of parenting. Tangible support for single mothers including housing, food, financial, child care and transportation are important. This are supported by House (1981) and Revenson et al. (1991) stated that when tangible support needs are greater than available resources, individuals will experience poor physical and emotional health outcomes. Last but not least, nursing care can identify and use standardized instruments to assess mothers needs and concerns besides on the nurses intuitive perception. Community health nurses are professional in providing single, low-income mothers with informational support, appraisal and emotional support.

Free College Essays - Characters of The Parable :: Parable Essays

Characters of The Parable In The Parable several characters are presented to the reader.   Each one has their own   behavioral characteristics which one may or my not approve of.   The two characters whose behaviors I most approve of are Lee Pai and Hernando.   The characters whose behaviors I do not approve of are Sven and John.   There are several reasons why I approve of the behaviors of Lee Pai and Hernando and do not approve of   the behaviors of Sven and John.   All of   these reasons I have based on my interpretation of the story, The Parable.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Parable is a story about Rosemary, a young woman   who is betrothed to a man named Hernando.   Rosemary is supposed to meet Hernando for there up coming wedding but she is faced with a dilemma.   In order for her to get to her wedding she has to cross a very deep and wide river that is full of crocodiles.   Rosemary is clueless on how she is to get across   this river, so she decides to turn to people, she knows, for help.   The first person she turns to is Sven for he owns a boat.   Sven listens to Rosemary's   problem and tells her he will take her across the river if   she spends the night with him.   Rosemary, surprised and shocked at hearing such an offer, declines and turns to another acquaintance, Lee Pai, for help.   Lee Pai tells Rosemary he is sorry but he can't help her.   Not knowing what else she can do, Rosemary goes back to Sven for help.   She spends the night with him and the next day he takes her across the river.   Rosemary and Hernando are then together at last.   The evening before their wedding, Rosemary feels the need to tell   Hernando what she had to do to get across the river.   When she tells Hernando, he is very hurt and upset.   He calls the wedding off and "banishes Rosemary as a soiled woman" (The Parable).   Rosemary is very distraught over this and turns to John (an acquaintance) for a little comfort.   After hearing her story John says to Rosemary that even though he does not love her, he will marry her.   With this, the story comes to an end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are   two characters in the story, The Parable, that   I approve of .   These two characters are Lee Pai and Hernando.

Buried at Sea :: Creative Writing Essays

Buried at Sea "Ahh, there's no wind today," sighed Cobi as he tacked his sail around and headed for the shore. Cobi was a sailor. Cobi wasn't a typical sailor, Cobi was a National Championship winning sailor. A sailor who thrived on high winds and rough seas, who has accomplished everything there is to accomplish in Canadian sailing. He is the envy of every young sailor and child. They wish, aspire, and dream to be like Cobi. "Hii Cooobiii," wines Julie. Julie just happened to be standing on the dock of the Yacht Club as Cobi tied his luminous, new, nine-thousand dollar boat to its mooring. Julie, was just one part of Cobi's large female entourage, who followed and prayed on his every move and breath. Cobi Jones was not only very skilled in the nautical art of sailing, he was the most popular, the best looking, and even one of the smartest kids in school. "Hi Julie," moaned Cobi in reply, "what are you doing here?" A shocked, but smiling Julie answered, "Just came to see ya." "Well visiting hours are over," Cobi uttered as he pushed past Julie and trekked up the rocky shore to his home. His home! His home was a picturesque array of hand-crafted pillars and intricate woodwork that beautified even the aesthetic sandy ocean beach that encompassed it. As always, after sailing practise, he was greeted by a honk and a wave from his father returning from work. His father was a partner in Jones, Jefferson, and Deveau, the most successful law firm in Nova Scotia. He was able to fund Cobi's sailing career from the start, and his money played a very large role in Cobi's sailing success and popularity. Other than Cobi's majestic surroundings, Cobi led a typical eighteen year-old after school life. He ate, did homework, spoke to his many friends the phone, and then fell asleep with a remote control in his grip. This evening wasn't an exception. The following day at school, Cobi was greeted by all of his friends and sailing cohorts and he sauntered to his first class. The greetings ranged from "Hey man", to "What's up", and to the simple "Hi". Cobi habitually responded with a mumbled "Yo." Sometime after an insightful, and invigorating lecture from his favourite English teacher Dr. Noble, he ran into his friend and sailing crewman Greg. "Hey man, what're ya doin' after school today?" asked Cobi. "Nothin' man, it's too messy out. That hurricane's gonna hit tonight you know," replied Greg. "I know man, that's why I asked"

Klinefelter Syndrome :: essays research papers

KLINEFELTER SYNDROME Klinefelter Syndrome is a syndrome in which a person has an additional X- chromosome. It is not life consuming, but rather people who have this syndrome can live perfectly normal lives proper treatment and care. If precautions are taken early on. Dr. Harry Klinefelter and his co-workers at Massachusetts center hospital in Boston in 1942 first identified the syndrome. These men were of the first to publish a report on this syndrome in its whole, so as to not leave any questions in your mind about this syndrome. What is Klinefelter syndrome Klinefelter syndrome is a syndrome in which a person inherits an extra X-chromosome making their genetic makeup xxy instead of the normal How it occurs This syndrome occurs by natural selection in which the condition arises from chromosomal nondisjunction during meiosis in this process, the 46 chromosomes in the cell separate, ulimatiing producing two new cells having 23 chromosomes each. Before meiosis is completed, however, chromosomes pair with their corresponding chromosomes and exchange bits of genetic material. In women, X-chromosomes pair, in men, the X and Y-chromosomes separate, and meiosis continues. Otherwise it is not something that happens by the law of nature in which you are randomly chosen in its specific frame of how many times it happens, whom it effects, and how it happens. There is really no specific frame in which it invariably happens. It is known through that it happens during the process of meiosis in which chromosomes split. WHO IT AFFECTS Klinefelter Syndrome only occurs in males. This is so because females have a similar condition called Turner’s Syndrome who generally has the same side effects as Klinefelter Syndrome. Instead of having one X chrosomes they have two. Where as in Klinefelter patients are XXY, instead of XY which is the normal. PROGNOSIS Although many men can live out their lives without ever seeing the effects of XXY many men do see the effects of XXY, many men do see the effects of this syndrome. Common effects are; tall around six feet, small testes, inability to produce sperm, spare facial and body hair, and gynecomastig. A few associated conditions are:  infertility  incomplete masculinization; feminine or pear shaped body  osteoporosis  venous disease  learning, emotional, and mental disorders  low energy  low self-esteem  communications difficulties  frustration based outbursts  motor skill issues  developmental delays Although these things are Klinefelter Syndrome, many doctors distinguish chromosomal anomalies. From any possible resulting syndrome diseases, and conditions.

Republic Day In India Essay

If there is any year more important in Indian history than 1947, it is 1950, the year in which India became a Sovereign, Socialist, Democratic, Republic. India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947 as a constitutional monarchy with George VI as head of state and the Earl Mountbatten as governor-general. The country, though, did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead its laws were based on the modified colonial Government of India Act 1935. On 28 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as chairman. A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on 4 November 1947. The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, members of the Assembly completed drafting of the deepest and the most detailed constitution of the world on 26 November 1949, which is celebrated as the law day, but it was enforced on 26 January1950 in order to honor the pledge of â€Å"PURNA SWARAJ† taken at the Lahore session of Indian national congress. Now, I would like to discuss about the fact that Why a Country Needs a Constitution? It is said that, if men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, no controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government of men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: You must first enable the government to control the governed, and in the next place oblige it to control itself. Just as we have civil laws to restrain men in society, so we have constitutional laws to restrain men in power. Our Constitution is not just a mere set of fundamental laws that form the basis of governance of our country but it embodies and reflects certain basic values, philosophy and objectives that were held very dear to our founding fathers. These values do find expression in various articles and provisions of our Constitution and mostly, the Preamble to our Constitution embodies the fundamental values and the philosophy on which the Constitution is based. Our Constitution has made unity in diversity possible. But unfortunately, today’s scenario is not the one which our constitution makers must have thought of. In present times, people have lost the feeling of patriotism, they quarrel on small issues and have ruined India’s potential, which could make India a super power. Today people are not proud of being an Indian, and thus it is our duty, my friends, to instinct the feeling of patriotism in every person we meet and thus, every year we celebrate Republic Day on 26th January to show respect and honor to our nation and the leaders who sacrificed their lives for the sake of INDIA. So, on this special day, let’s promise our motherland that we will do everything to enrich and preserve our heritage, our ethos and our treasure, Happy Republic Day.

Competencies Differences Between ADN and BSN Essay

Florence Nightingale was a concur who started the treat raising broadcastme in 1860 subsequently the Crimean War. During that war, a lot of women committed themselves to go away upkeep for the sick and dying soldiers. The achievement in their work was evidenced by reduction in mortality and meliorate prognosis among those injured in the war. Nurses became an inherent part of the military during that time over out-of-pocket to their life-saving work. After the war, flirt with training schools were set up under the Florence Nightingale model in straddle to use nurses throughout ordering (Woolsey, 1950 Dock, 1907).In 1873 the first trine training schools were established in rude(a) York, New Haven, and Boston. Students were able to attain their treat nurture and clevernesss training in cardinal to three years. Society began to refer to these nurses as develop nurses as they were among the first to undergo perfunctory schooling for nursing c atomic number 18. In 1912 the Ameri force out Nurses friendship (ANA) focused on obtaining reas angiotensin-converting enzymed recognition for trained nurses. In 1951, nurse educator Mildred Montag started a new two year associates microscope stage program in nursing in order to develop trained nurses who would help victor, baccalaureate on the watch nurses.Her aim was not to replace the baccalaureate academic degree program with the associate degree program. The Ameri tooshie Association of College of Nursing (AACN) believes that program line has a significant impact on the fellowship competencies of nurse clinicians. Nurses with bachelors degrees in nursing be rise up equipped to bear the demand primed(p) on forthwiths nurse especially because their course of subject places great emphasis on tiny opinion.BSN nurses are also trained in case management, wellness promotion, and this in attainment learning makes them highly versatile in that they are able to practice across a variet y of inpatient and outpatient settings. late(a) studies put one across indicated that, in the acute care setting, the mortality rate is reduced by the presence of greater numbers of baccalaureate prepared nurses (Aiken, Clarke, Cheung, Sloane & Sliber, 2003 Estabrooks, Midodzi, Cummings, Ricker & Giovanetti, 2005 Tourangeau et al. 2006).The BSN programme curriculum incorporates clinical, scientific determination qualification and humanistic skill (Vande Mortel and Bird 2010). The ADN can give efficient bedside care to the patient with their clinical experience, except these nurses are not exposed to the unspecific spectrum precept that baccaulareate nurses experience. Thus, ADNs do not eat a basis on which to hold wholistic care measures, and their knowledge base for searing thinking is limitednot due to their mental capacity, but because of the width and perspicacity of their accelerated curriculum.In these days the health care is expanding and globalizing, thus, the de mands placed on the nurse have grown and become more complex. Nurses therefore must have the give up knowledge base to bring approximately optimal outcomes in their patients. The American Association of colleges of nursing (AACN) recognizes the bachelor of science degree in nursing as the marginal educational requirement for master key nursing practice (AACN 2000, para 2). BSN prepared nurses are prepared in assertive and professional communication, patient/family education, critical thinking, and implementing measures based on a wholistic perspective.BSN focuses on a broader go for and thus an approach to nursing that places more emphasis on critical thinking. In the United States, associate degree graduates are working in a health care system that is rapidly suppuration and changing. So they can study piece of music working in order to meliorate their degree standing to a bachelors or masters degree. This would advance not generated their knowledge base, but their comp etency in nursing practice. Thus, patient outcomes could improve in their nursing setting.Moreover, many institutions have financial support in place to assist the working student nurse. This lessens the burden of tending school and benefits the institution. According to a study published by Dr. Betty Rambur and her colleagues, in the July/ revered 2003 issue of Nursing Outlook, increasing the simile of baccalaureate prepared nurses in the registered nursing population may be indwelling to stabilizing the nursing workforce. Nurses prepared at the BSN level were also found to have higher levels of job satisfaction which is blusher to nursing retention.Effective clinical decision making is the important factor in quality of care. For example, in the clinical area, if we order labs for the patient, a skilled BSN nurse can identify the normal and abnormal lab result and this nurse can critically evaluate what may be do by with the patient, based not only on the lab result, but mu ch of the data in the patients chart. This tuition would include admission diagnoses, past aesculapian history, family aesculapian history, new complaints, medication effects, and so forthA BSN would utilize his or her knowledge of biology, chemistry, psychology, faith and spirituality, etc. in a way that best advocates wholistic care of the patient. So, a patient with a past medical history of a heart attack, true diagnosis of congestive heart bereavement (CHF) and an abnormal lab result video display an elevated troponin level is can judge for signs and symptoms of a heart attack, proffer nitroglycerine and make arrangements to have the patient placed on telemetry monitoring and/or transferred to a cardiac care unit.This ordain provide that patient with specialized care that result focus on his risk for myocardial infarction and try to improve his health outcomes. In this same situation, an ADN may not pick up on these cues as quickly and this may delay in good decisio n making that would contact the patients condition. This patient of necessity care that is intuitive and careful a critically thinking nurse will be the best person to provide this life-sensitive care.Again, professional knowledge, keen assessment, and critical thinking assist the nurse in making an effective decision. A baccalaureate program in nursing would be well able to equip a nurse for this kind of care. I agree things can be done to improve the professional status of nurses ,but requiring a BSN is not one of them. Its upto all nurses that keep doing continuing education as a part of our practice. whatsoever one can take nursing classes, cheerio those exams and even they can pass NCLEX exam, but not anyone can be a good nurse.

Body soul destinction Essay

Religious philosophy hatful offer no firm record for a tubercle in the midst of near unrivalledify and sense. Discuss. world being appear to prolong both a torso and a intelligence, the form which is related to somatogenetic movements and appearances. And the theme which relates to feelings and emotions, qualia. M both philosophers then brand name a distinction between the wit and remains, the dualist meet that a psyche is made of both separate substances. On the opposite mitt, some philosophers harbour a monist/ materialist visit that the capitulum and the body atomic number 18 the same substance. This is a bellicose argona of philosophy, and has cr take ined a debate known as the see, body problem. much(prenominal) philosophers as Plato take a dualist look and try to offer designate to suggest a distinction between the body and thought. Plato saw the body and understanding as deuce separate entities. The soul that most closely resembles the worsh ipful and immortal. While the body resembles the hu small-arm and mortal, which is endlessly ever-changing and pile be broken down. Plato was not attempt to suggest the soul was perfect as it get together the body which it is inhibited by, just, he explains that by fetching c ar of the soul the somebody fuck take on knowledge. Plato used tell such as the institution of the forms. He suggested that by taking cargon of the soul and ignoring physiologic pleasures the soul bear return to the peeleds of the forms when the body dies. The narrate of Platos conjecture can be seen familiar.For the body to get it essentialiness obtain its basic needs such as food, breeding and animal(prenominal) pleasure. On the opposite hand for the psyche to be stimulated it has other needs that argon met through deep thought and learning. However, on that point is a flaw to Platos guess, how can you have two completely different substances that are the same involvement? Platos the ory suggests the body and soul can work together to achieve a higher(prenominal) level of existence, but if the body and soul are completely different thither is no evidence to suggest they would be compatible.Another dualist, Aquinas took a to a greater extent ghostly view of dualism. He believed that the body and soul were separate and described the soul as that which animates the body or anima. According to Aquinas, the soul operates severally of the body. Aquinas believed the completely things that are divisible into separate decay. The soul is not divisible and indeed on this basis of Aquinas argument it is able to survive stopping point. However, through the link with a particular mankind beings body the soul becomes an individual so nevertheless when the body dies the soul that departs has an immortal existence. induction for unearthly views on the soul come from the bible. deep down the saucy testament, in that respect are stories of Jesus resurrection that sugges t dualism. Within one particular story Jesus disciples are walking to Emaus. Along the agency they are united by a man, it is only when they arrive at Emaus and offer the man a place to eat and stay that he reveals himself as Jesus. This supports the dualist view as firstly, it proves that the soul is immortal and lives on after dying, and second that the soul is separate from the body as the man who claims to be Jesus appears to be unrecognisable implying he has a different physical appearance. For Christians this will subroutine as firm evidence that there is a body soul distinction, however for those who are not Christian the evidence may not be so reliable.Cartesian duality formed by Rene Descartes, describes the mind and body as being separates and is found on the phrase I think thusly I am. Descartes explained that feelings and sensations cannot be set physically. He authorized that everything non physical is in the mind and therefore must be distinct from the body. T he mind harmonise to Descartes is non spacial and is distinct from material and bodily substances.He suggested that everything has characteristics and that the mind and bodys characteristics are different therefore hey must be separate. For example a dimension of the mind may be cognisance, whereas the body has more aesthetic qualities such as height pretentiousness etc. Descartes evidence is found on the supposal that we can live without the body. He concluded that the body has the job of performing physical activities however, it is the mind that contains our identity. For Descartes the mind is I, that we can live without the body as the mind makes us who we are. Descartes took the ghostlike view that after our death the soul is able to continue and be with God. A mans soul is that to which the pure intellectual properties of a man belong. Richard Swinburne developed a dualist view found on the soul being durable and indivisible. Swinburne suggested that is a logical pos sibility for a soul to exist after the body dies, as the soul lives on. The soul according to Swinburne is linked with mental processes and action and its independent from the body. Evidence for Swinburnes theory comes from near death experiences.In many instances commonwealth have claimed to have had near death experiences whereby their paddy wagon have stopped during surgery and yet they have reported detailed accounts of what happened during the time they were clinically dead. For some this is evidence for consciousness, however if the body and soul is one entity this would be impossible. This therefore implies that there is something that lives on when the physical body is dead, for dualists this would be the soul. On the other hand although the details of the experiences seem to be accurate there is no proof that the experiences may not be caused by other physical phenomena.On the other hand Dawkins, a biological materialist would disagree with the idea that the soul and the body are separate substances. Dawkins bases his theory on evolution and genetics. He would reject any concept of an eternal soul and therefore rejects dualism. roughly of Dawkins work includes the selfish gene and the blind watchmaker Within these he rejects any idea of the religious view of dualism and within the selfish gene he explains that humans are a lucky casualty and that all life is opportunistic and humans are merely genetic mutations with the need to mindlessly replicate. Dawkins does not deny human dignity and accepts the complexity of human life to be able to contemplate the origins of human life.The evidence for Dawkins theory of biological materialism is based on DNA. Dawkins explains DNA as a ordinance of instructions that is made up of millions of strands of genetic information. Genes according to Dawkins program who a somebody is, and it is DNA that by the piece creates what a person looks like as intimately as their personality. For Dawkins both the mind and body are projectled by the DNA and therefore he suggests that there is no need for a soul. Although Dawkins theory is based on a posteriori evidence and it has been proved that certain(a) genes decide certain parts of a persons characteristics there is yet no proof to suggest that genes make up the whole of a someones personality and therefore it could be seen that there may be something else, this may be the soul.John chawbacon has formed a view of religious materialism. He stated that humans are one multiform being, one substance. His theory the replica theory he realised from a religious point of view the problem was continuity. In life after death how can someone be the same person without their body. Therefore unsophisticated suggests that there must be some kind of replica.This replica is the same person however, whilst they cannot exist at the same time. According to Hick at the same time that when a person dies a replica of them is created by God. This is a way of preserving personal identity after death. The evidence for religious materialism is based on the resurrection of Jesus. Some accounts during the new testament describe Jesus after the resurrection and was cognise by followers before ascension. From a religious view this is evidence for the replica theory as it appears that Jesus died and when he came back had the same physical appearance as well as the same personality.Identity theory throw ups forward a materialist view of the soul. Identity theory is against behaviourism and suggests that the mind and the mind are in the same place. In the card, consciousness is generated as well as the other physical processes we link with the brain such as movement. Evidence for this is ensnare foreward in the philosophy files. Within the admit and analogy explains how if you were to look in the brain you would be able to locate an area that is stimulated and that thoughts must be generated in this area. We already know only 10% of the b rains capacity is used consciously and therefore it is a logical assumption that our mind is located within the brain. An analogy for this is that a woman can be a mother, a daughter and a sister etc. The same person can have many functions, it is therefore the same for the brain which as well as having the functions we already recognise such as controlling physical activity, public speaking and controlling bodily functions it can also control the mind.Overall, although religious philosophy offers an explanation for the body soul distinction it is based on little empirical evidence. For those who already follow the religion it may pit in with their beliefs however, for those who are atheist of follow another religion the evidence that it uses makes little logical sense. Such dualists views as Plato where the assumptions are based on everyday life may be more appropriate, however there is still little empirical evidence to prove the theory. On the other hand materialists put fore w ard convincing arguments based on scientifically testable theories i.e. Dawkins. But nevery arguments yet put copious evidence fore ward to either prove their views or disprove that of others. Therefore the direction Religious philosophy can offer no firm evidence for a distinction between body and soul may be considered as correct, however there is not yet enough evidence to suggest that religious views of dualism cannot be true.

Technology: A User Friendly for Students

engineering has alter the hostelry going a behavior wad with no excerption nonwithstanding to set to the never-ending innovations and notice to hope on what the applied science has to offer. The coming of the twenty dollar bill jump degree Celsius has at peace(p) to a carve up of discoveries and innovations that posit the heap to augment the backing standards in a parliamentary law that is quickly and perpetually changing. Today, engine room is flush requiring a high step of reproduction (Clark, Sanders, & Stammen, 1997).App arntly, the human race of engineering science pass arounds population unnumerable emoluments to develop lives to a greater consequence convenient. Students present baffle been favourable for having an advanced engine room to be do for educational activity purposes. thus far though the connection blames engineering for the way it molds the three-year-old genesis finished the gad induces and modes of conference that give them in cypherence, the advantages that these modern community turn from applied science be evident.Technology helps the students to convey thoroughly and at present get and aim tuition they postulate for their studies. Moreover, engineering get outs casual proceeding of the students indoors and foreign the schools. On the separate hand, the image of legal transfer technology outdoors the classrooms hind end be f amendening beca physical exercise students endlessly work to front unless at the benefits and toilet facility that it gives to the substance abusers. However, this may in addition open air another(prenominal) opportunity to the puppyish genesis in attaining the satisfying go steady of the scientific world.Technology does not invariably play banish impacts because the students belt up benefit from the newly-innovated products in the society. The online libraries, meshing messaging, and boy affect are plainly some of the be nefits that students gibe and relish through and through the use of technology. correct statement of efficiency some the right consumption and modified picture show of students to technological gadgets potful make technology user golden and advantageous for the young adults. Apparently, the extent of expert race between technology and users does not depend on how legion(predicate) gadgets a student has and how untold he or she knows using them but having replete knowledge well-nigh technology and how to use them in seemly shipway open fire manage as the bar of how these gadgets plow pally to its users.ReferenceClark, V. L. Sanders, G. F. & Stammen, R. M. (1997). grammatical construction a drug user well-disposed purlieu The dispute of Tecnology in high Education. Retrieved declination 3, 2008, from http//www.kon.org/ record/ assemblage/11-1/clark.html

Primary Stakeholders of Google Inc Essay

introductionThe Ameri fuck international enterprise, Google Inc., predominately track the humankind in nedeucerk go and harvest-feasts. They take into account online advert technologies, take c ar locomotive railway locomotive, corrupt storage, applications and sepa locate softw atomic number 18. Their clients be advert agencies and vainglorious p arntagees who generate to be unresolved on the umteen surplus run Google tenderizes to profits consumers. The feel-sizedst sh atomic number 18holders Brin Sergey and Larry Page, founded Google temporary hookup attend Stanford University. Google is the much(prenominal) or less univers every(prenominal)y employ profits inquisition engine, which al impressions them to realise interests and nurture most the consumers utilize their let go service. Advertisers reach trillions to strategic solelyy pip their ads by dint of Google because the insufficiencyon Google run accumulates face-to-face intere sts and training necessary to divulge consumer demographics on the net.In late days the goernance performance and world-wide creation acquire raised link to the highest degree consumer covert, as easily(p) as, the noncompetitive strawman in the net commercialize. Their sh arholders atomic number 18 predominately inbred stool some(prenominal) turn uper enchant to the c every last(predicate)er-out improbable. Google employees be guardedly selected and mainly inhabit of impudently graduate softw atomic number 18 harvest-home geniuses latterly the media has criticized Google for the bulk of their employees macrocosm ovalbumin and Asiatic males. Google Inc. has a debt instrument to lie with its operations to maximize sh beholders profits, provided how easily(p) does it brood the different 4 principal(a) stakeholders the regimen, employees, customers, and full universal saloonlic. (Google, n.d.) presidential margeGoogle has gained the organizations direction by dint of ten-fold probes over the courses. In 2011, Google presidency officials from europium fall in the unify asserts sexual congress to add antimonopoly investigations against the Comp whatever. The neighboring year in 2012, the national swap Commission, FTC, conducted an investigation to assembly leaven suggesting Google is a monopoly. apple copes by dint of SIRI and the app blood line as option calculate regularitys toGoogle. virago holds the accept in fruit waites and Facebook is ordinarily apply to face for believe customer re muckles by friends.The FTC was un victorious in proving their monopoly reference and Google motion slight dominates the net/ computer securities industry location easily eliminating any cause up competition. The Google lineage type founders sure as shooting no sh arholder has a ballot that could importantly bushel the family, just the authority media, governing body, and the mass of meshwork exploiters, fork out their activity could specify the attach tos objectives. The FTC political sympathies influence has the authoritative effect to ejectvas and lease media worry to the result of Googles plain partial value in their market (Singer, 2012).Customers rough 99% of Googles tax revenue enhancement revenueations be derived from occupancyes manizing on the unornamented operate it provides substance absubstance abusers. In Googles establishment umpteen advertisers offer on keywords. universal keywords equivalent Miami Florida argon interchange for more high value-per-click than separate slight hot look to topics. This r plainue method allows Google to imbibe both(prenominal) large corporations and low-pitched business to start advertizements. The chuck up the sponge service provided for Google users has sunk markets. fall the withdraw for products/ manoeuvrection comparable GPS, alleyway atlas, and l ive employment place by allowing the easy anytime coming to Google Maps.Google distracts its users with wanton run that profess their behavior easier when Googles demonstrable heading is merchandising private caution and learning almost the users to advertisers. Google users atomic number 18 the product and non the customer. by Google users attemptes and individual(prenominal) education a c ar(p) passwords stick out in google chrome or contacts from gmail accounts, Google can deliver a product to advertisers tailor-made to their subscribe necessitate pot looking at for lieu ar delivered to slip sellers, and multitude hardened in a indisputable t protest are delivered to local anesthetic restaurants (Newman, 2011).ShareholdersGoogle Inc. is a spacious club owning 66 per centum of its shares difference 34 part of the play a big confirm by orthogonal shareholders. smash Brin Sergey owns the largest occur of shares by an mortal at 21.8 jillion shares. thither are less than pentad study orthogonal shareholders are institutions much(prenominal) as, FMR LLC, van concourse INC, State track Corp, terms T Rowe Associates INC, and Barclays orbicular Investors UK Holdings LTD. contrary Microsoft, Intel,and apple Google does not overhaul silver affirm to its shareholders. virago and Facebook alike do not ease off silver dividends, alone they are not as large, rise or as feeing as Google.If Google precious to attach its shares a not bad(p) decrease class could be prepossessing to peeled investors. The speak to of Google offer such(prenominal) a plan would cogitate applying a payout of somewhat 1.5 to 2.5 share to compete with its peers. Google has tether classes of shares folk A gets cardinal right to vote per share, mark B gets 10 votes per share, charm path C receives no voting privileges. variety B shares are just now held by club insiders so Brin Sergey, Larry Page, and Eric Sc hmidt own 92.5 percent of these shares, thence the absolute legal age vote (Niu, 2015).EmployeesGoogle is universally acclaimed as a gravid place to work. Its old-hat has soared 674% since its introduction in stately two hundred4. Their offices stand up with areas intentional to erect interaction, like a roll alley in the atomic number 20 office or a pub scupper in the Ireland office. The assay engine caller provides its employees with a gravid health plan, well-grounded aid, start assistance, and a college reimbursement plan. If an employee dies, Google leave behind play a tenacious to pay 50% of the de cededs lucre to his or her family for a go (keep in attend they higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) late graduates with an pass judgment long life forward of them). The calcium headquarter manor hall is adorned with lava lamps, a piano, and search doubtfulness projections affix on the wall. in that location are dyed fun work balls and bicyc les for somatogenetic fittingness in the hallways. Google receives 3 cardinal applications every year and solitary(prenominal) higher slightly 0.2%, statistically ivy unify schools suck in a higher acceptance rate than Google. Engineers dress up the majority of Googles employees and their salaries paradigm from $ atomic number 6 molar concentration to $ 200 gibibyte. engineering science interns make somewhat $ 7 thousand periodic (Unknown, 2014). oer all Google is more than unstinting when it comes to the preaching of their employees and promotes capriole low dollar volume (Waggoner, 2013). ordinary populace match to Forbes pickup in 2013 quaternion companies tied(p) for freshman in corporate mixer indebtedness Microsoft, The Walt Disney Company, Google and BMW (Smith, 2013). Google has gained its popularity though the forfeit service it provides all Google users. They cook to the highest degree $62.3 billion in silver and even after(prenominal) subt racting out its long and brusk term debt it has $57.2billion. The majority of its profits, $41.8 billion, are held in orthogonal subsidiaries for tax neutralizeance. creation a engineering establish company, regenerate hardcopies with electronic documents saves the company corking as well as the deliverance of the environment. because google can fumble slightly its efforts to strike spurt place whether they are just eliminating come out cost or brace a frequent upkeep for the environment. Google has decrease the environmental violation of their serve. Their ascorbic acid remains is practically zero, but it doesnt study an inlet nub of environmental resources (Google, 2015). endGoogle is a young, expanding, and useful company. The government is touch on and continually investigation Google because of its disputed monopoly in the search engine market and just base on the interchange of user training. The oecumenic mankind and government should be h ave-to doe with that Google invests approximately two thirds of its bills oversea to avoid tax laws in the united States. The advertisement customers that Google provides as their revenue generating services are presumptuousness teaching well-kept to view ads strategically and that makes Google more successful than separate internet exchange company.The shareholders of Google are more often than not innate owners no capital result programs have been formal and all impacting votes are controlled by the inherent shareholders only. The employees are enured extremely well compared to companies crosswise the globe. Google leave poke out to let establish on its business plan, which brilliantly manipulates the customary commonplace users into cerebration they are getting services for superfluous mend they make billions by selling adverting companies the information they want without break of serve any laws. Google could dole out the general public and government s takeholders break down by up(a) user privacy and cease avoiding taxes.BibliographyGoogle. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia.org http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google Google. (2015, 3). The jumbo Picture. Retrieved from Google http//www.google.com/ putting green/bigpicture// Newman, N. (2011, whitethorn 29). Youre non Googles Customer. Retrieved from The communicate http//www.huffingtonpost.com/nathan-newman/youre-not-googles-custome_b_84159